The "Imperial Estates"
Large tracts of farmland on Crete belonged to the Byzantine state. Known as the "Imperial Estates", these were leased to farmers in exchange for a percentage of production. In the late 12th century cultivation rights were granted to individuals paying rent in cash. This probably favoured the wealthy, who were in a position to pay the price in money.
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Miniature from an 11th century menologion (liturgical calendar) showing various crops, 970 (Mount Athos)
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