Realia and Zecchini

Revolutionary movements and unrest in the first two centuries of Venetian rule impeded economic growth on the island, particularly with regard to agricultural output. However, from the 15^th century onwards, growth in crop and stock farming was impressive. Cretan wines, chief among which was the famed Malvasia (malmsey), were produced in large quantities and exported to countries throughout Europe. Other significant export commodities were cheese, honey, salt and - from the 16^th century onwards - olive oil.

Led by Chandax, Cretan ports played a major role in Venetian trade, inducing the Cretans to engage in commerce and maritime activity. Cretan ships sailed the entire Eastern Mediterranean, bearing all manner of commodities to and from their island. Tradesmen in Chandax and other urban centres organized themselves into professional associations known as guilds.