Forced Labour
To obtain the workforce required for repairing and building infrastructure, the conquerors would often require the island population to do forced labour. Throughout the entire occupation, Cretans in their thousands were compelled to work constructing roads and buildings, or loading and unloading supplies for the occupation troops. It was not uncommon for unfortunate civilians to be arrested at random in the street or to be selected from registers of names to perform such tasks against their will.


1940  |  1941  |  1942  |  1943  |  1944  |  1945
Announcement ordering labourers at the aerodrome to present themselves for work (on pain of death), 1941 (Historical Museum of Crete, © S.C.H.S, Heraklion)
Workers at Kastelli airfield, 1942 (Historical Museum of Crete, © S.C.H.S, Heraklion)
Children carrying stones as part of forced labour for the conquerors (Karl Meidert Archive, Historical Museum of Crete, © S.C.H.S, Heraklion)
Marching to forced labour at Kastelli in Pediada district, 1941 - 1944 (German photographer, Theophanis Kokkinakis Collection, Kalogerakis Giorgis)
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