Newspapers and Magazines

Numerous newspapers circulated in interwar Heraklion to cater for the many and varied information needs of the reading public. Those that stand out include the Anorthosis ["Restoration"] from 1922 onwards, owned and run by Andreas Zographos; the Neos Kosmos ["New World"] from 1923; the Agrotiki Kriti ["Farming Crete"] from 1927; and Ioannis D. Mourellos' Elefthera Skepsis ["Free Thought"] from 1928. The number of newspapers shot up in the 1930s: Agon ["Struggle"]; Empros ["Forward"]; Astrapi ["Lightning"]; Drasis ["Action"]; Filos tou Laou ["The People's Friend"]; a satirical newspaper called Tsimbida ["The Tweezers"], as also indicated by the owner's pseudonym, Vrikolakas Baboulas [Vampire Bogeyman]; Kritika Nea ["Cretan News"]; Foni tis Kritis ["Voice of Crete"]; and Alithia ["Truth"].

Several periodicals were published to provide an outlet for the worries and concerns of young intellectuals. In 1934 Lefteris Alexiou published the mainly literary journal Kastro [a reference to the town's name], which was followed two years later by Kritikes Selides ["Cretan Pages"].